Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a common, long-term inflammatory skin condition that causes red, scaly patches to develop on the skin. It is not infectious and cannot be passed from person to person.
The condition occurs when the skin renewal process becomes accelerated, causing skin cells to build up rapidly on the surface. Instead of renewing over several weeks, affected skin can turn over in just a few days.
Psoriasis can affect the skin, nails and, in some cases, the joints. Around half of patients with psoriasis may also experience changes to the nails.
At The London Skin and Hair Clinic, Consultant Dermatologists assess psoriasis to confirm the diagnosis and advise on appropriate management. Patients seeking specialist dermatology advice in London can access expert assessment and guidance.
Psoriasis is a common life-long inflammatory disease affecting about 2% of the population
The condition can be itchy and painful
There is no cure for psoriasis so psoriasis treatment aims to manage the condition
For those with more extensive psoriasis, phototherapy treatment can be effective
What causes Psoriasis
The exact causes of psoriasis are not fully understood, but it is considered an immune-mediated condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Common triggers include:
infections
- stress
- skin injury or trauma
- certain medications such as beta blockers or lithium
- smoking and excess alcohol
Psoriasis is more likely to occur in individuals with a family history of the condition, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
Who is at risk of Psoriasis
Psoriasis affects approximately 2% of the population and can occur in people of all ages, genders and ethnicities.
Risk factors include:
- a family history of psoriasis
- exposure to known triggers
- underlying immune system factors
Some individuals may develop psoriasis in childhood, while others experience onset later in life.
What are the symptoms of Psoriasis
Psoriasis symptoms vary in severity and can affect different parts of the body.
Common features include:
- red or pink patches of skin (plaques)
- silvery-white scaling on the surface
- dry or cracked skin, which may bleed
- itching or soreness
Psoriasis often affects areas such as the elbows, knees, scalp and lower back, but it can occur anywhere on the body.
Nail involvement may include:
- pitting or ridging of the nails
- discolouration
- separation of the nail from the nail bed
Some individuals may also develop psoriatic arthritis, which can cause joint pain, stiffness and swelling.
There are several recognised patterns of psoriasis, including:
- chronic plaque psoriasis
- guttate psoriasis
- palmoplantar psoriasis (hands and feet)
- pustular psoriasis
Psoriasis symptoms may fluctuate over time, with periods of flare-ups followed by remission.
Images of Psoriasis
These images are kindly provided by DermNetNZ.org for non-commercial use, for the purpose of education and information. The images have not been modified and DermNetNZ do not endorse The London Skin and Hair Clinic. You can find a copy of the license at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/.
How is Psoriasis diagnosed?
A dermatologist will usually diagnose psoriasis through clinical examination of the skin.
The appearance and distribution of plaques are often characteristic and allow for diagnosis without further testing.
In some cases, additional investigations may be required to confirm the diagnosis or assess related conditions, such as psoriatic arthritis.
How is Psoriasis treated and managed?
Management of psoriasis focuses on controlling symptoms, reducing inflammation and improving quality of life.
Treatment approaches vary depending on the severity and extent of the condition.
Options may include:
- topical treatments such as creams and ointments
- phototherapy (light-based treatment)
- oral medications for more extensive disease
- biologic therapies in selected cases
A dermatologist will recommend a personalised approach based on individual symptoms and response to treatment.
Lifestyle measures, such as reducing stress, avoiding known triggers and maintaining general health, can also play an important role in managing the condition.